Inferior Alveolar

The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the lower teeth and associated structures in the lower jaw. Anatomy and Course: The inferior alveolar nerve arises from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve within the infratemporal fossa, which is a space located below the skull. It descends vertically along the medial side of the mandibular ramus, traveling within the mandibular canal, a bony canal within the mandible (lower jawbone). The inferior alveolar nerve supplies branches to the lower teeth and continues as the mental nerve after exiting the mental foramen, which is an opening in the lower jaw. Sensory Function: The main function of the inferior alveolar nerve is to provide sensory innervation to the lower teeth, including the roots, pulp, and periodontal tissues. It carries sensory fibers that transmit touch, pain, temperature, and pressure sensations from the lower teeth to the brain. The inferior alveolar nerve also supplies sensory fibers to the lower lip, chin, and gingiva (gums) on the lower jaw. Clinical Importance: The inferior alveolar nerve is of significant clinical importance in dentistry and oral surgery. Dental procedures, such as tooth extractions, root canals, or dental implant placement, may involve the inferior alveolar nerve. Care must be taken during these procedures to prevent injury to the nerve and minimize the risk of complications, such as nerve damage. In some cases, individuals may experience temporary or permanent numbness, altered sensation, or pain in the lower teeth, lip, or chin due to nerve injury.